“The Age of Experiments”: The United States, 1789-1845
History 4720
Lewis and Clark
Professor Michelle Orihel
Southern Utah University
Fall 2010
Tuesdays and Thursdays, 10-11:20 a.m.
Location: SC 225
―This I hope will be the age of experiments in government, and that their basis will be founded on principles of honesty, not of mere force. We have seen no instance of this since the days of the Roman republic, nor do we read of any before that.‖
Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, February 28, 1796
Course Description
From catalog: ―A study of the new nation, the War of 1812, the Jacksonian era, placing special emphasis on the political, social, and economic democratization of the United States, together with the difficulties created by change.‖
In an era dominated by monarchical powers, a group of British North American colonists in 1776 declared their independence from King George III. They established a republic, a government based on the consent of the people. This republican experiment was a bold move, a ―leap in the dark,‖ as historian John Ferling has called it. Throughout history, most republics had failed. Never before did a people attempt to establish a republican government over such a large and expanding territory. How did Americans confront the challenge of establishing and securing a republican form of government? How did they adjust to their new roles as republican citizens rather than monarchical subjects? What other challenges did Americans face during the early years of the new republic, a period marked by tremendous political, economic, social, and cultural change?
This course will examine these and other questions about the nature of the early republic, providing an overview of the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments in the United States from roughly the late eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. We will cover such topics as the creation of a new national government, the development of conflict between Federalists and Jeffersonian-Republicans during the 1790s, the Jeffersonian Presidency, the Lewis and Clark expedition, the War of 1812, the development of a market economy, religious revivalism, the growth of reform movements and abolitionism, the expansion of slavery in the South, the rise of sectional conflict, Jacksonian democracy, and western expansion. As an upper-division course, this course will combine lectures with discussions. Active student participation is encouraged and expected for students to gain the most from taking the course. Ultimately, this course aims to provide students with an opportunity to enter into an ongoing and vibrant debate about the revolutionary origins of the early republic, the nature of the American founding, and its implications for the United States today.
Learning Objectives.
Students will be able to identify and understand better the main issues, themes, events, and historical actors in the United States from 1789 to 1845.
Through readings in the primary sources and through a variety of active learning exercises, students will gain a vivid understanding of what it meant to live through such a period of tremendous social, economic, and political change.
In this reading-intensive course, readings in primary and secondary sources will help students to develop such practical skills as interpreting evidence, making arguments based on that evidence, and evaluating other historians‘ arguments.
Class discussions and written assignments will further help students to hone the habits of critical thinking, reading, and writing.
Required Books
1. Bookstore: Sean Wilentz, ed., Major Problems in the Early Republic, 1787-1848. 2nd edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. (ISBN-13: 978-0-618-52258-3)
2. Bookstore: Gunther Barth, ed., The Lewis and Clark Expedition: Selections from the Journals Arranged by Topic. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martins, 1998. (ISBN-13: 978-0-312-11118-2)
3. Online: Lance Banning, ed., Liberty and Order: The First American Party Struggle. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004. (ISBN: 0-86597-418-7)
Note: This textbook is available to download for free as a complete pdf file at the Liberty Fund‘s ―Online Library of Liberty‖ website; go to the following webpage: http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=875&Itemid=27
4. Online: Various items on electronic reserve at the library‘s website
Evaluation
Participation/ Effort: 15%
Reading Journal: 10%
Annotated Bibliography: 10%
Peer Review of Gerrit Smith Document Analysis: 5%
Gerrit Smith Final Document Analysis: 30%
Final Exam: 30%
Assignments
Reading Journal
Over the course of the semester, students will keep a journal that records their reactions to and assessments of the assigned readings for each class. For some classes, the instructor will provide a question for the student to focus on in their reflection. For other classes, the student will decide what question or issues seem most pressing from that day‘s reading. These entries should be between one and two pages. They should demonstrate that you have read and understood the assigned course materials. Students should particularly write about what intrigues them the most about the reading and how that reading helps to advance their understanding of the early American republic. The instructor will collect journal entries at the end of each class. Late entries will not be accepted. These entries will be graded on a Pass/ Fail basis. Therefore, the only grades for this assignment will be 100 (pass) and 0 (fail). These grades will then be tallied at the end of the semester for the final reading journal grade. However, students can opt out of turning in up to three journal entries without it adversely affecting their final grade.
Other Assignments
Information and instructions on the annotated bibliography, the Gerrit Smith essay assignment (peer review and essay), as well as on the final, take-home exam will be forthcoming.
Weekly Schedule of Topics and Readings (Subject to Revision)
Unless marked as optional, all readings are required.
Abbreviations:
MP = Sean Wilentz, ed., Major Problems in the Early Republic, 1787-1848.
LO = Lance Banning, ed. Liberty and Order: The First American Party Struggle
Week One—Aug 23
TUESDAY:
From Subjects to Citizens: Introduction to the History of the Early American Republic
THURSDAY:
The Revolutionary Origins of the Early Republic
Reading:
1. The Declaration of Independence (you can download and print a transcript of the D of I at this website:http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html )
2. MP, chapter 3, essay by Waldstreicher
3. Online Exhibition: ―Declaring Independence: Creating and Re-Creating America‘s Document, organized by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, (http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/declaration/index.html)
Week Two – Aug 30
TUESDAY:
The Constitutional Settlement of 1787-88
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 2: documents 1-4, 6, essay by Wood
2. LO, chapter 1: pp. 3-9
3. (Optional) Online Exhibition: Library of Congress, online exhibition on ―Madison‘s Treasures,‖ which illuminates Madison‘s role in drafting the constitution, in the subsequent debates over ratification, and in producing the Bill of Rights: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/madison/
4. (Optional) Podcast Listening: Monticello podcasts, ―Jefferson‘s Worlds: Three Letters on the New Constitution,‖ listed at: http://www.monticello.org/podcasts/index.html
THURSDAY:
Understanding the Process of Historical Change: Interpreting the Early Republic
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 1: essays by Wilentz, Rossiter, Pasley, Perkins 5 5
Week Three—Sept 6
TUESDAY:
Forming a New National Government and George Washington’s Leadership
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 3: documents 1, 2
2. LO, chapter 2: TBA
3. Simon P. Newman, ―Principles or Men?: George Washington and the Political Culture of National Leadership, 1776-1801,‖ Journal of the Early Republic 12, 4 (Winter, 1992), 477-507. (Electronic Reserve)
4. Online Exhibition: ―Alexander Hamilton and the Creation of the United States,‖ organized by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History:
http://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/online/hamilton/index.html
THURSDAY:
The Impact of the French Revolution on America: Popular Politics and Partisan Conflict
Reading:
1. LO, chapter 3: pp. 141-150; 169-170
2. Handout of newspaper articles that covered celebrations of the French Revolution
3. Albrecht Koschnik, ―The Democratic Societies of Philadelphia and the Limits of the American Public Sphere, circa 1793-95, ‖ William and Mary Quarterly 58, 3 (2001): . (Electronic Reserve)
Week Four – Sept 13
TUESDAY:
The Deepening of Political Divisions: From Jay’s Treaty to Washington’s Farewell
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 3: documents 5-7
2. LO, chapter 3: 188-197; 203-221
3. Todd Estes, ―Shaping the Politics of Public Opinion: Federalists and the Jay Treaty Debate,‖ Journal of the Early Republic 20, 3 (Fall 2000), 393-422. (Electronic Reserve)
THURSDAY:
The Presidency of John Adams
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 3: documents 8-11 6 6
2. LO, chapter 4: TBA
3. James Morton Smith, ―The ‗Aurora‘ and the Alien and Sedition Laws: Part I: The Editorship of Benjamin Franklin Bache, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 77, 1 (Jan 1953), 3-23. (Electronic Reserve)
Week Five—Sept 20
TUESDAY:
The Second American Revolution?: The Election of 1800
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 3, documents 12-13; two essays in chapter
2. Handout of newspaper editorials on the election
3. Douglas R. Egerton, ―Gabriel‘s Conspiracy and the Election of 1800,” Journal of Southern History 56, 2 (May 1990), 191-214. (Electronic Reserve)
THURSDAY:
Thomas Jefferson: His Presidency and Political Thought
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 4, documents 1-3; 5-10, essays by Appleby, McDonald, Gordon-Reed
2. LO, TBA
3. Website Viewing (Spend some time viewing ONE of the two links from the Monticello website):
For links about Monticello (a virtual tour of the house and images), go to the following website:http://www.monticello.org/house/index.html
For links about the lives of enslaved African Americans who lived and worked at Monticello, go to the following website:
http://www.monticello.org/plantation/index.html
4. (Optional) Website Viewing for additional information:
For links to such topics as ―A Day in the Life of Thomas Jefferson,‖ A ―Brief Biography of Thomas Jefferson,‖ A ―Timeline of Jefferson‘s Life,‖ and ―The Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia,‖ go to the following website: http://www.monticello.org/jefferson/index.html
For an online exhibition of Jefferson‘s life and works organized by the Library of Congress, go to:http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/
Week Six—Sept 27
TUESDAY
The First American West: The Settlement of the Ohio Valley
Reading:
1. Gail S. Terry, ―Sustaining the Bonds of Kinship in a Trans-Appalachian Migration, 1790-1811: The Cabell-Breckinridge Slaves Move West,‖ Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (October 1994): 455-476. (Electronic Reserve)
2. Online Reading Assignment: TBA–selected documents from ―The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820,‖ American Memory Project, Library of Congress:http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award99/icuhtml/
THURSDAY
Library Instruction Session (preparation for the annotated bibliography)
Week Seven – Oct 4
TUESDAY and THURSDAY :
The Corps of Discovery: the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Reading:
1. Gunther Barth, ed., The Lewis and Clark Expedition: Selections from the Journals Arranged by Topic.
2. (Optional) Website Viewing:
To browse through primary sources on the Lewis and Clark expedition at the American Philosophical Society, including images of the original journals, go to the following website:http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/digcoll/landc
For background on Jefferson‘s role in the expedition, go to:
http://www.monticello.org/jefferson/lewisandclark/index.html
Week Eight—Oct 11
TUESDAY:
The Second War for American Independence: The War of 1812
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 5
THURSDAY:
The Market Revolution: The Modernization of the American Economy
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 7 8 8
2. Online Exhibition: ―Risky Business: Winning and Losing in the Early American Economy, 1780-1850,‖ organized by the Library Company of Philadelphia:http://www.librarycompany.org/Economics/RiskyBusiness/index.htm
3. (Optional) Website Viewing: For maps and historical images of the Erie Canal, go to:http://www.eriecanal.org
Week Nine, Oct 18
TUESDAY
The Expansion of Slavery in the South
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 8, documents 1-2; 4-6; 8-10; essays by Johnson and McCurry
2. MP, chapter 13, essay by Genovese
THURSDAY (Instructor will be away at a conference) The Experiences of Enslaved African Americans
1. Film Viewing (in–class): ―Solomon Northup‘s Odyssey‖
2. Optional Reading: Solomon Northup, Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853. Electronic edition available at the website, ―Documenting the American South: Primary Resources for the Study of Southern History, Literature, and Culture,‖ University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/northup/northup.html
3. Optional Listening: To listen to recordings of interviews with former slaves, go to the Library of Congress American Memory Project, ―Voices from the Days of Slavery: Former Slaves Tell Their Stories‖:http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/voices/
Week Ten – Oct 25
TUESDAY
Finish viewing ―Solomon Northup‘s Odyssey‖ and discuss the experience of slavery
THURSDAY
The Missouri Crisis and the Rise of Sectionalism
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 10
Week Eleven – Nov 1
TUESDAY
Jacksonians, Whigs, and 1830s Politics
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 11 9 9
THURSDAY Native Americans, Western Expansion, and the Trail of Tears
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 9
2. (Optional) Website Viewing:
For an exhibition on eastern Indian wars organized by the Smithsonian Museum of American History, go to:http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=3
For information about the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, go to: http://www.nps.gov/trte/index.htm
For a link to the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, go to:http://www.cherokeemuseum.org/html/collections_tot.html
3. Optional Audio Interview:
For an interview with documentary film maker Philip Coulter who traveled along the Trail of Tears, go tohttp://www.cbc.ca/ideas/features/trail-of-tears/index.html
Week Twelve – Nov 8
TUESDAY:
Antebellum Reform Movements
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 12
THURSDAY Abolitionism and the Underground Railroad
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 13, documents 1-5; 10; essay by Jeffrey
2. Website Viewing:
Online exhibition from the Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Library: ―‘That laboratory of abolitionism, libel, and treason‘: Syracuse and the Underground Railroad,‖http://libwww.syr.edu/digital/exhibits/u/undergroundrr/
Week Thirteen—Nov. 15
The Literature of Politics, Reform, and Abolition: The Gerrit Smith Broadside Collection
To view the various pamphlets contained in the Gerrit Smith Broadside collection, go to:http://libwww.syr.edu/information/spcollections/digital/gerritsmith/
TUESDAY
Writing workshop 10 10
Reading:
George Orwell, ―Politics and the English Language,‖ (Electronic Reserve)
THURSDAY
Bring draft of your Gerrit Smith document analysis to class
Peer Review
Week Fourteen – Nov. 22
TUESDAY:
The Second Great Awakening
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 6
2. Website Viewing:
Library of Congress, online exhibition on ―Religion and the Founding of the American Republic,‖http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel07.html
THURSDAY:
THANKSGIVING
Week Fifteen – Nov. 29
TUESDAY:
Manifest Destiny, Slavery, and the Politics of Western Expansion
Reading:
1. MP, chapter 15
THURSDAY Final Assessment and Review
December 10, 2010: 11am-12:50pm.: Final Exam